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Fauna accounts created after August 21, 2024 must use FQL v10. These accounts will not be able to run FQL v4 queries or access the v4 Dashboard.

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`SubString`

This reference topic applies to FQL v4. Go to this page for the latest FQL v10 reference topics.

SubString( value, start, [ length ] )

substring( value, start, [ length ] )

SubString( value, start, [ length ] )

SubString( value, start, [ length ] )

SubString( value, start, [ length ] )

SubString( value, start, [ length ] )

Description

The SubString function extracts a substring out of the value string, beginning at the character start position, and including length characters (or all remaining characters if length is not specified).

For the set of letters in the alphabet, setting start to 3 and length to 3 results in the substring DEF:

The substring of 'DEF' in the set of alphabet characters

Although we mention characters, technically, we are talking about code points. In Unicode, a code point is usually, but not always, a character. Code points can sometimes represent single characters, but can also represent formatting and other non-alphanumeric characters.

For example, the character é can be the single character "e" that includes an acute accent (U+00E9), or it could be displayed as a single character but be composed of an "e" (U+0065) and a "combining" acute accent (U+0301). Visually, you cannot distinguish between the two.

Parameters

Parameter Type Definition and Requirements

Parameter	Type	Definition and Requirements
`value`	String	The String to extract the substring from.
`start`	Integer	The index of the first character in `value` to return. The first character in `value` is at index 0. When `start` is 0 or positive, the index is measured from the left side of the `value` string. If `start` is negative, the index is measured from the right side of the string. For example, when `start` is -1, the index is positioned at the last character in the `value` string. When `start` is equal to the string length, the substring is an empty string. When `start` is greater than the string length, an error is returned. This behavior is identical to the Java String library’s `substring` function.
`length`	Integer	Optional - The number of characters to extract. When `length` is not specified, the substring returned includes all of the characters in `value` from the `start` position to the end. Since Go does not have function overloading or optional arguments, you must use the function `f.StrLength()` instead of a plain integer.

value

String

The String to extract the substring from.

start

Integer

The index of the first character in value to return. The first character in value is at index 0.

When start is 0 or positive, the index is measured from the left side of the value string. If start is negative, the index is measured from the right side of the string. For example, when start is -1, the index is positioned at the last character in the value string.

When start is equal to the string length, the substring is an empty string. When start is greater than the string length, an error is returned. This behavior is identical to the Java String library’s substring function.

length

Integer

Optional - The number of characters to extract. When length is not specified, the substring returned includes all of the characters in value from the start position to the end.

Since Go does not have function overloading or optional arguments, you must use the function f.StrLength() instead of a plain integer.

Returns

A string which is a substring of value, according to the start and length values.

Examples

The following query executes an array of independent SubString operations and returns the results in an array. The result array position matches the execution array position. The first operation takes a source string containing "ABCDEFGHIJK" and extracts a string starting at the 2 position for 3 characters. The resultant string "CDE" is placed in the top position of the result array. The second operation uses the same input string, but starts at the 1 position ("B") and extracts 6 characters("BCDEFG"). The third operations extracts the last 4 characters from the end of the source string.

client.query(
  [
    q.SubString('ABCDEFGHIJK', 2, 3),
    q.SubString('ABCDEFGHIJK', 1, 6),
    q.SubString('ABCDEFGHIJK', -4),
    q.SubString('ABCDEFGHIJK', -3, 2),
  ]
)
.then((ret) => console.log(ret))
.catch((err) => console.error(
  'Error: [%s] %s: %s',
  err.name,
  err.message,
  err.errors()[0].description,
))

[ 'CDE', 'BCDEFG', 'HIJK', 'IJ' ]

result = client.query(
  [
    q.substring("ABCDEFGHIJK", 2, 3),
    q.substring("ABCDEFGHIJK", 1, 6),
    q.substring("ABCDEFGHIJK", -4),
    q.substring("ABCDEFGHIJK", -3, 2),
  ]
)
print(result)

['CDE', 'BCDEFG', 'HIJK', 'IJ']

result, err := client.Query(
	f.Arr{
		f.SubString("ABCDEFGHIJK", 2, f.StrLength(3)),
		f.SubString("ABCDEFGHIJK", 1, f.StrLength(6)),
		f.SubString("ABCDEFGHIJK", -4),
		f.SubString("ABCDEFGHIJK", -3, f.StrLength(2)),
	})

if err != nil {
	fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, err)
} else {
	fmt.Println(result)
}

[CDE BCDEFG HIJK IJ]

try
{
    Value result = await client.Query(
        Arr(
            SubString("ABCDEFGHIJK", 2, 3),
            SubString("ABCDEFGHIJK", 1, 6),
            SubString("ABCDEFGHIJK", -4),
            SubString("ABCDEFGHIJK", -3, 2)
        )
    );

    Console.WriteLine(result);
}
catch (Exception e)
{
    Console.WriteLine($"ERROR: {e.Message}");
}

Arr(StringV(CDE), StringV(BCDEFG), StringV(HIJK), StringV(IJ))

System.out.println(
    client.query(
        Arr(
            SubString("ABCDEFGHIJK", 2, 3),
            SubString("ABCDEFGHIJK", 1, 6),
            SubString("ABCDEFGHIJK", -4),
            SubString("ABCDEFGHIJK", -3, 2)
        )
    ).get());

["CDE", "BCDEFG", "HIJK", "IJ"]

[
  SubString('ABCDEFGHIJK', 2, 3),
  SubString('ABCDEFGHIJK', 1, 6),
  SubString('ABCDEFGHIJK', -4),
  SubString('ABCDEFGHIJK', -3, 2),
]

[ 'CDE', 'BCDEFG', 'HIJK', 'IJ' ]

Query metrics:

bytesIn: 188
bytesOut: 41
computeOps: 1
readOps: 0
writeOps: 0
readBytes: 0
writeBytes: 0
queryTime: 5ms
retries: 0

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