FQL syntax quick look

// Single-line comments start with double-slash.
/*
  Block comments start with slash-asterisk
  and end with asterisk-slash.
*/

// Statements don't have to be terminated by ; ...
(1 + 3) * 2

// ... but can be.
(1 + 3) * 2;

/////////////////////////////////////////////
// Numbers, Strings, and Operators

// FQL has integer, decimal, and exponential values stored as
// Int, Long, or Double types, which are all Number types.
// An Int is a signed 32-bit integer type.
// A Long is a signed 64-bit integer type.
// Doubles are double-precision, 64-bit binary type, IEEE 754-2019.
3 // 3
1.5 // 1.5
3.14e5 // 314000.0

// Some basic arithmetic works as you'd expect.
1 + 1 // 2
0.1 + 0.2 // 0.30000000000000004
8 - 1 // 7
10 * 2 // 20
35 / 5 // 7

// Including uneven division.
5 / 2 // 2

// Precedence is enforced with parentheses.
(1 + 3) * 2 // 8

// There's also a boolean type.
true
false

// Strings are created with ' or ".
'abc' // "abc"
"Hello, world" // "Hello, world"

// Negation uses the ! symbol
!true // false
!false // true

// Equality is ==
1 == 1 // true
2 == 1 // false

// Inequality is !=
1 != 1 // false
2 != 1 // true

// More comparisons
1 < 10 // true
1 > 10 // false
2 <= 2 // true
2 >= 2 // true

// Strings are concatenated with +
"Hello " + "world!" // "Hello world!"

// and are compared with < and >
"a" < "b" // true

// Type coercion isn't performed for comparisons with double equals...
"5" == 5 // false

// You can access characters in a string with at() built-in string method.
"This is a string".at(0)  // "T"

// ...or use an index.
"Hello world"[0] // "H"

// "length" is a property so don't use ().
"Hello".length // 5

// There's also "null".
null;      // used to indicate a deliberate non-value

// false, null, 0, and "" are falsy; everything else is truthy.

/////////////////////////////////////////////
// Arrays, and Objects

// Arrays are ordered lists containing values, of any type.
let myArray = ["Hello", 45, true]
myArray // ["Hello", 45, true]

// Their members can be accessed using the square-brackets subscript syntax.
// Array indices start at zero. You can also use the `at()` built-in method.
myArray[1] // 45
myArray.at(1) // 45

// Arrays are of variable length.
myArray.length // 3

// Accessing an Array index greater than or equal to the Array length:
myArray[3] // results in an error.

// Create an Array from elements in the range index 1 (include) to
// index 4 (exclude).
myArray.slice(1, 4) // [45, true]

// FQL objects are equivalent to "dictionaries" or "maps" in other
// languages: an unordered collection of key:value pairs. You can use
// the dot syntax provided the key is a valid identifier.

let myObj = {key1: "Hello", key2: "World"}
myObj.key1 // "Hello"

// Keys are strings but quotes aren't required if they're a valid
// JavaScript identifier. Values can be any type.
let myObj = {myKey: "myValue", "myOtherKey": 4}

// Object attributes can also be accessed using the subscript syntax.
myObj.myKey // "myValue"
myObj.myOtherKey // 4

// If you try to access a value not yet set, you'll get an error.
myObj.myThirdKey // results in an error.

/////////////////////////////////////////////
// Variables

// Use the "let" keyword to declare variables in a lexical scope and
// assign a value to the variable. FQL is dynamically typed, so you don't
// need to specify type. Assignment uses a single = character. Also, "let"
// can't be the last statement, because it isn't an expression.
let someVar = 5
someVar // 5

// A variable in the same scope can be assigned a new value:
let someVar = 5
let someVar = 6
someVar // 6

// You can declare only one variable in the same `let` statement.

/////////////////////////////////////////////
// Control structures, logic

// The `if ... else` structure works as you'd expect.
let count = 1
if (count == 3) {
    // evaluated if count is 3
} else if (count == 4) {
    // evaluated if count is 4
} else {
    // evaluated if not 3 or 4
}

// `&&` is logical AND, `||` is logical OR
let house = {size: "big", color: "blue"}
if (house.size == "big" && house.color == "blue") {
    "big blue house"
}
if (house.color == "red" || house.color == "blue") {
    "red or blue"
}

/////////////////////////////////////////////
// Block scope

// A block is defined with `{ }` and variables are scoped to the block.
// Variables outside of the block are global.
// The last statement in a block must be an expression.
let greeting = "hi"
{
  let greeting = "hello"
  greeting
} // "hello"

let greeting = "hi"
{
  let greeting = "hello"
  greeting
}
greeting // "hi"

/////////////////////////////////////////////
// Anonymous functions

// FQL anonymous functions are declared using the short-form
// arrow syntax. An anonymous function can't be called before the definition.
(x) => {
  let greeting = "hello"
  greeting
}

// Objects can contain functions.
let myFunc = {
  (x) => {
    let double = x + x
    double
  }
}
myFunc(3) // 6

// Some built-in methods accept single-argument functions.
Customer.all().where(c => c.address.zipCode == "20002")

// Which is equivalent to:
let myFunc = {
  (c) => {
    c.address.zipCode == "20002"
  }
}
Customer.all().where(myFunc)