Indexes

Indexes allow for the organization and retrieval of documents by attributes other than their Reference. They act as a lookup table that improves the performance of finding documents: instead of reading every single document to find the one(s) that you are interested in, you query an index to find those documents.

When you create an index, you specify its source, which is one or more collections of documents. Once the index is active, any query that creates, updates, or deletes a document in the source collection(s) causes the index to be updated.

An index can specify terms: these are zero or more values from indexed documents that help you to find specific documents. terms are comparable to column=value predicates in an SQL WHERE clause. For example, if your documents contain a name field, you can specify terms to include that field, and then you can find all of the documents that match a specific name. When an index has one or more terms, the index is partitioned by the terms, allowing Fauna to efficiently scale indexes.

An index can specify values: these are zero or more values returned for each index entry that matches the terms when you query the index. values are comparable to the SQL SELECT clause. values are also how indexes are sorted: each field value in values is sorted lexically according to the field’s type, and the order can be inverted by specifying reverse. Each index entry records the Reference of each document involved in the index. When no values are specified, the index returns the Reference for each matching index entry. When one or more values are specified, only those values are returned.

An index with no terms and values specified is known as a collection index: searching for specific documents is not possible, and all documents within the collection are included in the result set, and are sorted by their reference in ascending order.

You can specify that an index is unique. This means that, for the defined terms and values, the index contains only one entry for a document having those specific terms and values. As a result, creating or updating a document to have the same terms and values as an existing document would cause an error.

Fauna indexes can also specify bindings, which are Lambda functions that you can use to compute fields in the terms or values. For example, if your documents store a timestamp, and you want to search for documents by year, you could write a binding that converts the timestamp to a year and include the computed year as one of the terms. Similarly, if you want to report the month of a document, you could write a binding that converts the timestamp to a month, and include the computed month as one of the values.

For background, a Set is a sorted group of immutable data from a collection. An Index is a group of sets within a collection. Indexes are defined as documents within the system indexes collection.

This section covers the following topics:

Example index

The simplest index is called a "collection" index; it has no terms or values defined. This means that the index includes all documents with no search terms, and that the index returns the Reference to each indexed document. Such an index can be created with just a name and a source collection:

try
{
    Value result = await client.Query(
        CreateIndex(
            Obj("name", "new-index", "source", Collection("spells"))
        )
    );
    Console.WriteLine(result);
}
catch (Exception e)
{
    Console.WriteLine($"ERROR: {e.Message}");
}
ObjectV(ref: RefV(id = "new-index", collection = RefV(id = "indexes")),ts: LongV(1603756181200000),active: BooleanV(True),serialized: BooleanV(True),name: StringV(new-index),source: RefV(id = "spells", collection = RefV(id = "collections")),partitions: LongV(8))
result, err := client.Query(
	f.CreateIndex(
		f.Obj{
			"name": "new-index",
			"source": f.Collection("decrepit_huts"),
		}))

if err != nil {
	fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, err)
} else {
	fmt.Println(result)
}
map[active:true name:new-index partitions:8 ref:{new-index 0xc00016a0c0 0xc00016a0c0 <nil>} serialized:true source:{decrepit_huts 0xc00016a1b0 0xc00016a1b0 <nil>} ts:1603747135990000]
System.out.println(
    client.query(
        CreateIndex(
            Obj(
                "name", Value("new-index"),
                "source", Collection("spells")
            )
        )
    ).get());
{ref: ref(id = "new-index", collection = ref(id = "indexes")), ts: 1593464646510000, active: true, serialized: true, name: "new-index", source: ref(id = "spells", collection = ref(id = "collections")), partitions: 8}
client.query(
  q.CreateIndex({
    name: 'new-index',
    source: q.Collection('spells'),
  })
)
.then((ret) => console.log(ret))
.catch((err) => console.error('Error: %s', err))
{
  ref: Index("new-index"),
  ts: 1591996190530000,
  active: true,
  serialized: true,
  name: 'new-index',
  source: Collection("spells"),
  partitions: 8
}
result = client.query(
  q.create_index({
    "name": "new-index",
    "source": q.collection("spells")
  })
)
print(result)
{'ref': Ref(id=new-index, collection=Ref(id=indexes)), 'ts': 1592856422060000, 'active': True, 'serialized': True, 'name': 'new-index', 'source': Ref(id=spells, collection=Ref(id=collections)), 'partitions': 8}
try {
  println(Await.result(
    client.query(
  CreateIndex(
    Obj("name" -> "new-index", "source" -> Collection("spells")))),
    5.seconds
  ))
} catch {
  case unknown: Throwable => println("Error: " + unknown.getMessage())
}
{name: "new-index", source: ref(id = "spells", collection = ref(id = "collections")), ts: 1594485038640000, ref: ref(id = "new-index", collection = ref(id = "indexes")), partitions: 8, serialized: true, active: true}

Index fields

Field Name Field Type Definition and Requirements

name

String

The logical name of the index. Cannot be events, sets, self, documents, or _.

source

Reference or Array

A Collection reference, or an array of one or more source objects describing source collections and (optional) binding fields.

terms

Array

Optional - An array of Term objects describing the fields that should be searchable. Indexed terms can be used to search for field values, via the Match function. The default is an empty Array.

values

Array

Optional - An array of Value objects describing the fields that should be reported in search results. The default is an empty Array. When no values fields are defined, search results report the indexed document’s Reference.

unique

Boolean

Optional - If true, maintains a unique constraint on combined terms and values. The default is false.

serialized

Boolean

Optional - If true, writes to this index are serialized with concurrent reads and writes. The default is true.

permissions

Object

Optional - Indicates who is allowed to read the index. The default is everyone can read the index.

data

Object

Optional - This is user-defined metadata for the index. It is provided for the developer to store information at the index level. The default is an empty object having no data.
The length of the field values specified for the terms or values fields must not exceed 32k bytes. The maximum size of an index entry, which is comprised of the terms and values content (and some overhead to distinguish multiple fields), must not exceed 64k bytes. If an index entry is too large, the query that created/updated the index entry fails.

Source objects

Source objects describe the source collection of index entries and, optionally, bindings. A binding must be a pure Lambda function that emits values to be used as a term and/or value.

An index cannot be created in the same transaction that creates its source collection(s).

The collection field can be a single collection reference or set of references. Documents within collections matching the collection field apply the associated bindings to be used in the index’s terms or values. A collection reference can only exist in one source object. If the collection field is a wildcard (_), the index evaluates all collections. Bindings associated with a wildcard are only used if the collection is not matched by any other source object.

Field Type Definition and Requirements

collection

Ref

The collection or collections to be indexed, or a wildcard (_).

fields

Object

An object mapping a binding’s name to a Lambda function.

The following examples demonstrates the structure of a source object, which includes an example binding object:

Value result = await client.Query(
  Obj(
    "source", Obj(
      "collection", Collection("collection"),
      "fields", Obj(
        "binding1", Query(
          Lambda(
            "document",
            Select(Arr("data", "field"), Var("document"))
          )
        )
      )
    )
  )
);

IResult<Value> data = result.To<Value>();
data.Match(
  Success: value => Console.WriteLine($"{value}"),
  Failure: error => Console.WriteLine($"Query failed:\n{error}")
);
ObjectV(source: ObjectV(collection: RefV(id = "collection", collection = RefV(id = "collections")),fields: ObjectV(binding1: QueryV(System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary`2[System.String,FaunaDB.Query.Expr]))))
result, err := client.Query(
  f.Obj{
    "source": f.Obj{
      "collection": f.Collection("collection"),
      "fields": f.Obj{
        "binding1": f.Query(
          f.Lambda(
            "document",
            f.Select(f.Arr{"data", "field"}, f.Var("document"))))}}})

if (err != nil) {
  fmt.Println(err)
} else {
  fmt.Println(result)
}
map[source:map[collection:{collection 0xc00017ef60 0xc00017ef60 <nil>} fields:map[binding1:{[123 34 108 97 109 98 100 97 34 58 34 100 111 99 117 109 101 110 116 34 44 34 101 120 112 114 34 58 123 34 115 101 108 101 99 116 34 58 91 34 100 97 116 97 34 44 34 102 105 101 108 100 34 93 44 34 102 114 111 109 34 58 123 34 118 97 114 34 58 34 100 111 99 117 109 101 110 116 34 125 125 125]}]]]
System.out.println(
    client.query(
        Obj(
            "source", Obj(
                "collection", Collection("collection"),
                "fields", Obj(
                    "binding1", Query(
                        Lambda(
                            "document",
                            Select(
                                Arr(Value("data"), Value("field")),
                                Var("document")
                            )
                        )
                    )
                )
            )
        )
    ).get());
{source: {collection: ref(id = "collection", collection = ref(id = "collections")), fields: {binding1: QueryV({lambda=document, expr={select=[data, field], from={var=document}}})}}}
client.query({
  source: {
    collection: q.Collection('collection'),
    fields: {
      binding1: q.Query(
        q.Lambda(
          'document',
          q.Select(['data', 'field'], q.Var('document'))
        )
      ),
    },
  },
})
.then((ret) => console.log(ret))
{ source:
   { collection: Collection("collection"),
     fields:
      { binding1:
         Query(Lambda("document", Select(["data", "field"], Var("document")))) } } }
print(client.query({
  "source": {
    "collection": q.collection("collection"),
    "fields": {
      "binding1": q.query(
        q.lambda_(
          "document",
          q.select(["data", "field"], q.var("document"))
        )
      )
    }
  }
}))
{'source': {'collection': Ref(id=collection, collection=Ref(id=collections)), 'fields': {'binding1': Query({'lambda': 'document', 'expr': {'select': ['data', 'field'], 'from': {'var': 'document'}}})}}}
println(Await.result(
  client.query(
    Obj(
      "source" -> Obj(
        "collection" -> Collection("collection"),
        "fields" -> Obj(
          "binding1" -> Query(
            Lambda(
              "document",
              Select(Arr("data", "field"), Var("document"))
            )
          )
        )
      )
    )
  ),
  5.seconds
))
{source: {collection: ref(id = "collection", collection = ref(id = "collections")), fields: {binding1: {lambda: "document", expr: {select: ["data", "field"], from: {var: "document"}}}}}}

Binding objects

A binding object contains field names bound to pure, single-argument Lambda functions. The function must take the document to be indexed and emit either a single scalar value or an array of scalar values. Binding functions are not permitted to perform reads or writes.

Functions that cannot be used in bindings include:

 
Value result = await client.Query(
  Obj(
    "binding1", Query(
      Lambda(
        "document",
        Select(Arr("data", "field"), Var("document"))
      )
    )
  )
);

IResult<Value> data = result.To<Value>();
data.Match(
  Success: value => Console.WriteLine($"{value}"),
  Failure: error => Console.WriteLine($"Query failed:\n{error}")
);
ObjectV(binding1: QueryV(System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary`2[System.String,FaunaDB.Query.Expr]))
result, err := client.Query(
  f.Obj{
    "binding1": f.Query(
      f.Lambda(
        "document",
        f.Select(f.Arr{"data", "field"}, f.Var("document"))))})

if (err != nil) {
  fmt.Println(err)
} else {
  fmt.Println(result)
}
map[binding1:{[123 34 108 97 109 98 100 97 34 58 34 100 111 99 117 109 101 110 116 34 44 34 101 120 112 114 34 58 123 34 115 101 108 101 99 116 34 58 91 34 100 97 116 97 34 44 34 102 105 101 108 100 34 93 44 34 102 114 111 109 34 58 123 34 118 97 114 34 58 34 100 111 99 117 109 101 110 116 34 125 125 125]}]
System.out.println(
    client.query(
        Obj(
            "binding1", Query(
                Lambda(
                    "document",
                    Select(
                        Arr(Value("data"), Value("field")),
                        Var("document")
                    )
                )
            )
        )
    ).get());
{binding1: QueryV({lambda=document, expr={select=[data, field], from={var=document}}})}
client.query({
  binding1: q.Query(
    q.Lambda('document', q.Select(['data', 'field'], q.Var('document')))
  ),
})
.then((ret) => console.log(ret))
{ binding1:
   Query(Lambda("document", Select(["data", "field"], Var("document")))) }
print(client.query({
  "binding1": q.query(
    q.lambda_( "document", q.select(["data", "field"], q.var("document")))
  )
}))
{'binding1': Query({'lambda': 'document', 'expr': {'select': ['data', 'field'], 'from': {'var': 'document'}}})}
println(Await.result(
  client.query(
    Obj(
      "binding1" -> Query(
        Lambda(
          "document",
          Select(Arr("data", "field"), Var("document"))
        )
      )
    )
  ),
  5.seconds
))
{binding1: {lambda: "document", expr: {select: ["data", "field"], from: {var: "document"}}}}

Term objects

Term objects describe the fields whose values are used to search for entries in the index.

When a term field is missing from an indexed document, the field’s value in the index is null.

If no term objects are defined, passing term values to Match is not required. The resulting set contains all documents within the source collection.

When a term field is an array, one index entry per array item is created, which makes it easy to search for any one of the array’s items.

A value can be from a field in the document or a binding defined by the source object.

Field Type Definition

field

Array

The path of the field within an document to be indexed.

binding

String

The name of a binding from a source object.

The following example demonstrates an index’s terms field definition with two term objects, the first specifies a binding, the second specifies a document field:

Value result = await client.Query(
  Obj(
    "terms", Arr(
      Obj("binding", "binding1" ),
      Obj("field", Arr("data", "field"))
    )
  )
);

IResult<Value> data = result.To<Value>();
data.Match(
  Success: value => Console.WriteLine($"{value}"),
  Failure: error => Console.WriteLine($"Query failed:\n{error}")
);
ObjectV(terms: Arr(ObjectV(binding: StringV(binding1)), ObjectV(field: Arr(StringV(data), StringV(field)))))
result, err := client.Query(
  f.Obj{
    "terms": f.Arr{
      f.Obj{"binding": "binding1"},
      f.Obj{"field": f.Arr{"data", "field"}} } })

if (err != nil) {
  fmt.Println(err)
} else {
  fmt.Println(result)
}
map[terms:[map[binding:binding1] map[field:[data field]]]]
System.out.println(
    client.query(
        Obj(
            "terms", Arr(
                Obj("binding", Value("binding1")),
                Obj("field", Arr(Value("data"), Value("field")))
            )
        )
    ).get());
{terms: [{binding: "binding1"}, {field: ["data", "field"]}]}
client.query({
  terms: [
    { binding: 'binding1' },
    { field: ['data', 'field'] },
  ],
})
.then((ret) => console.log(ret))
{ terms: [ { binding: 'binding1' }, { field: [Array] } ] }
print(client.query({
  "terms": [
    { "binding": "binding1" },
    { "field": ["data", "field"] }
  ]
}))
{'terms': [{'binding': 'binding1'}, {'field': ['data', 'field']}]}
println(Await.result(
  client.query(
    Obj(
      "terms" -> Arr(
        Obj("binding" -> "binding1"),
        Obj("field" -> Arr("data", "field"))
      )
    )
  ),
  5.seconds
))
{terms: [{binding: "binding1"}, {field: ["data", "field"]}]}

Value objects

Value objects describe the fields whose values should be used to sort the index, and whose values should be reported in query results. By default, indexes have no values defined, and return the references of indexed documents.

A value can be from a field in the document, or a binding function defined in a Source objects.

Field Type Definition

field

Array

The path of the field within an document to be indexed.

binding

String

The name of a binding from a Source objects.

reverse

Boolean

Whether this field’s value should sort reversed. Defaults to false.
The document’s reference also appears in before and after cursors when paging through an index with the Paginate function, even if the reference is not included as a values field. Pagination always uses the indexed document’s reference to stabilize pagination.

Any of a document’s fields may be indexed. The value of field in a Term or Value object indicates the position within a document for a field. For example, the field ref refers to the top-level ref field. The field ["data", "address", "street"] refers to the street field contained in an address object within the document’s data object.

The following example demonstrates an index’s values field definition with two term objects, the first specifies a binding, the second specifies a document field that should be sorted in reverse:

Value result = await client.Query(
  Obj(
    "values", Arr(
      Obj("binding", "binding1" ),
      Obj("field", Arr("data", "field"), "reverse", true)
    )
  )
);

IResult<Value> data = result.To<Value>();
data.Match(
  Success: value => Console.WriteLine($"{value}"),
  Failure: error => Console.WriteLine($"Query failed:\n{error}")
);
ObjectV(values: Arr(ObjectV(binding: StringV(binding1)), ObjectV(field: Arr(StringV(data), StringV(field)),reverse: BooleanV(True))))
result, err := client.Query(
  f.Obj{
    "values": f.Arr{
      f.Obj{"binding": "binding1"},
      f.Obj{"field": f.Arr{"data", "field"}, "reverse": true} } })

if (err != nil) {
  fmt.Println(err)
} else {
  fmt.Println(result)
}
map[values:[map[binding:binding1] map[field:[data field] reverse:true]]]
System.out.println(
    client.query(
        Obj(
            "values", Arr(
                Obj("binding", Value("binding1") ),
                Obj(
                    "field", Arr(Value("data"), Value("field")),
                    "reverse", Value(true)
                )
            )
        )
    ).get());
{values: [{binding: "binding1"}, {field: ["data", "field"], reverse: true}]}
client.query({
  values: [
    { binding: 'binding1' },
    { field: ['data', 'field'], reverse: true },
  ],
})
.then((ret) => console.log(ret))
{ values:
   [ { binding: 'binding1' }, { field: [Array], reverse: true } ] }
print(client.query({
  "values": [
    {"binding": "binding1"},
    {"field": ["data", "field"], "reverse": True}
  ]
}))
{'values': [{'binding': 'binding1'}, {'field': ['data', 'field'], 'reverse': True}]}
println(Await.result(
  client.query(
    Obj(
      "values" -> Arr(
        Obj("binding" -> "binding1"),
        Obj(
          "field" -> Arr("data", "field"),
          "reverse" -> true
        )
      )
    )
  ),
  5.seconds
))
{values: [{binding: "binding1"}, {field: ["data", "field"], reverse: true}]}

Creating indexes

When an index is added, it is immediately available for reads, but returns incomplete results until it is built. Fauna builds the index asynchronously by scanning over relevant documents. Upon completion, the index’s active field is set to true.

An index cannot be created and read in the same transaction.

When an index is created, documents are immediately indexed if the associated collection contains up to 128 events (which include document creation, updates, and deletions). When an index contains all of a collection’s documents, including each document’s events, it is an "active" index.

For collections with more than 128 events (which include document creation, updates, and deletions), or those that use a wildcard in their source definition, indexing is handled by a background task, and you may have to wait a short period before the index returns values. Until the indexing task is complete, the index is an "inactive" index.

To check whether an index is "active", run the following query (replacing index_name with the name of the index that you want to check):

Select("active", Get(Index("index_name")))

If you see true in the output, the index is "active" and is ready for your queries. Otherwise, you should wait and check again later, until true appears in the output.

The following query creates an index for the collection "spells" with the name "new-index":

try
{
    Value result = await client.Query(
        CreateIndex(
            Obj("name", "new-index", "source", Collection("spells"))
        )
    );
    Console.WriteLine(result);
}
catch (Exception e)
{
    Console.WriteLine($"ERROR: {e.Message}");
}
ObjectV(ref: RefV(id = "new-index", collection = RefV(id = "indexes")),ts: LongV(1603756181200000),active: BooleanV(True),serialized: BooleanV(True),name: StringV(new-index),source: RefV(id = "spells", collection = RefV(id = "collections")),partitions: LongV(8))
result, err := client.Query(
	f.CreateIndex(
		f.Obj{
			"name": "new-index",
			"source": f.Collection("decrepit_huts"),
		}))

if err != nil {
	fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, err)
} else {
	fmt.Println(result)
}
map[active:true name:new-index partitions:8 ref:{new-index 0xc00016a0c0 0xc00016a0c0 <nil>} serialized:true source:{decrepit_huts 0xc00016a1b0 0xc00016a1b0 <nil>} ts:1603747135990000]
System.out.println(
    client.query(
        CreateIndex(
            Obj(
                "name", Value("new-index"),
                "source", Collection("spells")
            )
        )
    ).get());
{ref: ref(id = "new-index", collection = ref(id = "indexes")), ts: 1593464646510000, active: true, serialized: true, name: "new-index", source: ref(id = "spells", collection = ref(id = "collections")), partitions: 8}
client.query(
  q.CreateIndex({
    name: 'new-index',
    source: q.Collection('spells'),
  })
)
.then((ret) => console.log(ret))
.catch((err) => console.error('Error: %s', err))
{
  ref: Index("new-index"),
  ts: 1591996190530000,
  active: true,
  serialized: true,
  name: 'new-index',
  source: Collection("spells"),
  partitions: 8
}
result = client.query(
  q.create_index({
    "name": "new-index",
    "source": q.collection("spells")
  })
)
print(result)
{'ref': Ref(id=new-index, collection=Ref(id=indexes)), 'ts': 1592856422060000, 'active': True, 'serialized': True, 'name': 'new-index', 'source': Ref(id=spells, collection=Ref(id=collections)), 'partitions': 8}
try {
  println(Await.result(
    client.query(
  CreateIndex(
    Obj("name" -> "new-index", "source" -> Collection("spells")))),
    5.seconds
  ))
} catch {
  case unknown: Throwable => println("Error: " + unknown.getMessage())
}
{name: "new-index", source: ref(id = "spells", collection = ref(id = "collections")), ts: 1594485038640000, ref: ref(id = "new-index", collection = ref(id = "indexes")), partitions: 8, serialized: true, active: true}

Modifying index documents

It is possible to rename an index by updating its name field. Renaming an index changes its Reference, but preserves inbound References to the index. Index data is not rebuilt.

An index’s terms and values fields may not be changed. If you require such a change, the existing index must be deleted and a new one created using the new definitions for terms and/or `values.

If you update the unique field, existing duplicate items are not removed from the index.

When an index is deleted, it becomes inaccessible, and its data is deleted asynchronously.

Reading indexes

Entries in an index have zero or more terms, and zero or more values.

Entries are partitioned into sets by their defined terms fields, which is a strategy to improve index performance. Within each set, entries are sorted by their defined values fields.

The Match function is used to refer to a set of entries within an index:

client.Query(Match(Index("spells_by_element"), "fire"));
{
  "@set": {
    "match": { "@ref": "indexes/spells_by_element" },
    "terms": "fire"
  }
}
result, _ := client.Query(f.MatchTerm(f.Index("spells_by_element"), "fire"))

fmt.Println(result)
{map[match:{spells_by_element 0xc4203b0680 <nil>} terms:fire]}
System.out.println(
    client.query(
      Match(Index(Value("spells_by_element")), Value("fire"))
    ).get());
{
  @set = {
    match: ref(id = "spells_by_element", collection = ref(id = "indexes")),
    terms: "fire"
  }
}
client.query(
  q.Match(q.Index('spells_by_element'), 'fire')
)
.then((ret) => console.log(ret))
SetRef({"match":{"@ref":{"id":"spells_by_element","class":{"@ref":{"id":"indexes"}}}},"terms":"fire"})
client.query(q.match(q.index("spells_by_element"), "fire"))
{
  "@set": {
    "match": { "@ref": "indexes/spells_by_element" },
    "terms": "fire"
  }
}
client.query(Match(Index("spells_by_element"), "fire"))
{
  "@set": {
    "match": { "@ref": "indexes/spells_by_element" },
    "terms": "fire"
  }
}

If the index is configured to index multiple terms (also called a compound index), Match should be passed an Array having the required number of term values:

client.Query(
  Match(
    Index("spells_by_element_and_name"),
    Arr("fire", "Fire Beak")));
result, _ := client.Query(
    f.MatchTerm(
        f.Index("spells_by_element_and_name"),
        f.Arr{"fire", "Fire Beak"},
    ),
)

fmt.Println(result)
{map[terms:[fire Fire Beak] match:{spells_by_element_and_name 0xc4203b46c0 <nil>}]}
System.out.println(
        client.query(
           Match(
             Index(Value("spells_by_element_and_name")),
             Arr(Value("fire"), Value("Fire Beak"))
           )
        ).get());
{
  @set = {
    match: ref(id = "spells_by_element_and_name", collection = ref(id = "indexes")),
    terms: ["fire", "Fire Beak"]
  }
}
client.query(
  q.Match(
    q.Index('spells_by_element_and_name'),
    ['fire', 'Fire Beak'],
  )
)
.then((ret) => console.log(ret))
SetRef({"match":{"@ref":{"id":"spells_by_element_and_name","class":{"@ref":{"id":"indexes"}}}},"terms":["fire","Fire Beak"]})
client.query(
  q.match(
    q.index("spells_by_element_and_name"),
    ["fire", "Fire Beak"]
  ))
client.query(
  Match(
    Index("spells_by_element_and_name"),
    Arr("fire", "Fire Beak")))

Or conversely, if the index is configured with no terms, then only the index Reference needs be provided:

client.Query(Match(Index("all_spells")));
{ "@set": { "match": { "@ref": "indexes/all_spells" } } }
result, _ := client.Query(f.Match(f.Index("all_spells")))

fmt.Println(result)
{map[match:{all_spells 0xc420399180 <nil>}]}
System.out.println(
    client.query(Match(Index(Value("all_spells"))))
    .get());
{ @set = {match: ref(id = "all_spells", collection = ref(id = "indexes"))} }
client.query(
  q.Match(q.Index('all_spells'))
)
.then((ret) => console.log(ret))
SetRef({"match":{"@ref":{"id":"all_spells","class":{"@ref":{"id":"indexes"}}}}})
client.query(q.match(q.index("all_spells")))
{ "@set": { "match": { "@ref": "indexes/all_spells" } } }
client.query(Match(Index("all_spells")))
{ "@set": { "match": { "@ref": "indexes/all_spells" } } }

Index terms are always scalar values, and Match interprets Arrays as tuples. For single-term indexes, the following expressions are equivalent:

client.Query(Match(Index("spells_by_element"), "fire"));
{
  "@set": {
    "match": { "@ref": "indexes/spells_by_element" },
    "terms": "fire"
  }
}
result, _ := client.Query(f.MatchTerm(f.Index("spells_by_element"), "fire"))

fmt.Println(result)
{map[match:{spells_by_element 0xc4203b0680 <nil>} terms:fire]}
System.out.println(
    client.query(
      Match(Index(Value("spells_by_element")), Value("fire"))
    ).get());
{
  @set = {
    match: ref(id = "spells_by_element", collection = ref(id = "indexes")),
    terms: "fire"
  }
}
client.query(
  q.Match(q.Index('spells_by_element'), 'fire')
)
.then((ret) => console.log(ret))
SetRef({"match":{"@ref":{"id":"spells_by_element","class":{"@ref":{"id":"indexes"}}}},"terms":"fire"})
client.query(q.match(q.index("spells_by_element"), "fire"))
{
  "@set": {
    "match": { "@ref": "indexes/spells_by_element" },
    "terms": "fire"
  }
}
client.query(Match(Index("spells_by_element"), "fire"))
{
  "@set": {
    "match": { "@ref": "indexes/spells_by_element" },
    "terms": "fire"
  }
}
client.Query(Match(Index("spells_by_element"), Arr("fire")));
{
  "@set": {
    "match": { "@ref": "indexes/spells_by_element" },
    "terms": "fire"
  }
}
result, _ := client.Query(
    f.MatchTerm(f.Index("spells_by_element"), f.Arr{"fire"}),
)

fmt.Println(result)
{map[match:{spells_by_element 0xc42038d940 <nil>} terms:fire]}
System.out.println(
        client.query(
           Match(Index(Value("spells_by_element")), Arr(Value("fire")))
        ).get());
{
  @set = {
    match: ref(id = "spells_by_element", collection = ref(id = "indexes")),
    terms: "fire"
  }
}
client.query(
  q.Match(q.Index('spells_by_element'), ['fire'])
)
.then((ret) => console.log(ret))
SetRef({"match":{"@ref":{"id":"spells_by_element","class":{"@ref":{"id":"indexes"}}}},"terms":"fire"})
client.query(q.match(q.index("spells_by_element"), ["fire"]))
{
  "@set": {
    "match": { "@ref": "indexes/spells_by_element" },
    "terms": "fire"
  }
}
client.query(Match(Index("spells_by_element"), Arr("fire")))
{
  "@set": {
    "match": { "@ref": "indexes/spells_by_element" },
    "terms": "fire"
  }
}

Ordering

Results from indexes are sorted lexically according to their type. The primary sort is based on the first field defined in the index’s values field. Results are sub-sorted according to each subsequent values field (if any), in turn.

Strings and Numbers sort using their natural order, while Arrays and Objects sort according to their contents. For example, { "name": "Hen Wen" } appears after { }, and { "age": 110 }.

When no values fields are defined, the index is sorted by each indexed document’s reference.

Documents may have different types of field values in the same field, or a document may be missing a field entirely. An index sorts values in this order: Numbers, Strings, References, Timestamps, Dates, Booleans, Nulls. Note that Objects and Arrays are not indexed, although the fields of an object can be indexed.

The default sort order may be reversed on a per-field basis using the reverse flag in the index configuration.

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